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Melos and the Peloponnesian War
During part of the Peloponnesian War, Athens attacked Melos. The catastrophic results of the war on Melos were a result of what Thucydides called realism. Thucydides, often considered the father of political realism, wrote about the Peloponnesian War from the vantage point of Athens, and in ''The Melian Dialogue'', gives his point of view on what happened when the Athenians defeated the Melians and then proceeded to kill all the men, and sell the women and children.
Thucydides wrote the Melian Dialogue to exemplify what he deemed the cause of the defeat, which he pinpointed as realism. The Peloponnesian War was an early example that exhibited the disasters, which can arise between different groups when a stronger power exerts its dominance over a weaker one.
== Thucydides ==
Thucydides explains the Athenians reason for going after Melos in the following way, "By subjugating the Melians the Athenians hoped not only to extend their empire but also to improve their image and thus their security. To allow the weaker Melians to remain free, according to the Athenians, would reflect negatively on Athenian power".〔Thucydides. "Essentials of International Relations". Ed. Suresht Bald. Trans. Richard Crawley. New York : Norton, 1999.〕 Thucydides explains the defeat of the Melians by indicating the main cause as one relating to political realism, insofar as the Athenians were quick to be cruelly domineering and take over the island colony, belonging to Sparta, mainly because it was weak. One main idea of realism is the preface that states will act as rational actors, meaning state's actions will reflect their best interests.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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